Sima Qian (司马迁）
The Han emperor, WuDi, re-established the importance of learning and encouraged the production of new works. As a result, ancient works which had arrived the book burning of the first emperor began to re-appear. Sima Qian took on the task of writing a complete history of China.
He became involved in an incident that almost cost his life. he dared to criticize the emperor. The judges sentenced him to death, this sentence was reduced to castration.
He was determined to continue his great work. By the end of his life Sima Qian had written 130 chapters of his work Shi Ji(Records of the historian) recording the history of China's first three dynasties
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孟母三迁
Mencius, at whose age of 3 Father died, was brought up merely by his mother.
Mencius was fond of playing in his childhood and had a Strong imitativeness. At first their house was in the vicinity of the cemetery, he was often playing the game of building tomb or imitating others crying for the dead. Mother thought this was not good, so she moved to nearby markets. However, Mencius also imitated other people doing business and killing pigs. Mother thought that it was not good, so she moved again next to the school. Mencius learned etiquette and knowledge along with the other students. Mother thought that is what the children should learn, she felt very happy and no longer moved. This is well-known story of “Meng Mu San Qian”
Meng Mu valued Mencius‘s education greatly. She sent him to school and urged him to learn. One day, Mencius played hookey from his teacher Zisi， Meng Mu was weaving. She was very angry, picked up a pair of scissors, and cut off the cloth. Mencius was scared and kneeled on the ground to ask for the reason. Meng Mu said: Your learning is the same with my weaving. Weaving line to line connects into an inch, and then even into the foot, and finally when it’s completed, it become useful. Learning also depends on long-term commitment, regardless of days and nights. If you get lazy and do not make to the end, you are useless like this cloth.
After listening to this, Mencius felt deeply ashamed. Since then he concentrated on learning and worked very hard, practiced the teachings of saints, and finally became a Great Scholar known as the Lesser Sage.
孟母三迁
孟子，三岁时父亲去世，由母亲一手抚养长大。
孟子小时候很贪玩，模仿性很强。他家原来住在坟地附近，他常常玩筑坟墓或学别人哭拜的游戏。母亲认为这样不好，就把家搬到集市附近，孟子又模仿别人做生意和杀猪的游戏。孟母认为这个环境也不好，就把家搬到学堂旁边。孟子就跟着学生们学习礼节和知识。孟母认为这才是孩子应该学习的，心里很高兴，就不再搬家了。这就是历史上著名的“孟母三迁”的故事。
对于孟子的教育，孟母更是重视。除了送他上学外，还督促他学习。有一天，孟子从老师子思那里逃学回家，孟母正在织布，看见孟子逃学，非常生气，拿起一把剪刀，就把织布机上的布匹割断了。孟子看了很惶恐，跪在地上请问原因。孟母责备他说：“你读书就像我织布一样。织布要一线一线地连成一寸，再连成一尺，再连成一丈、一匹，织完后才是有用的东西。学问也必须靠日积月累，不分昼夜勤求而来的。你如果偷懒，不好好读书，半途而废，就像这段被割断的布匹一样变成了没有用的东西。”
孟子听了母亲的教诲，深感惭愧。从此以后专心读书，发愤用功，身体力行、实践圣人的教诲，终于成为一代大儒，被后人称为“亚圣”。